ABSTRACT Studies of the successive application of manure as fertilizer and its combined effect with long-term soil management systems are important to the identification of the interdependence of physical attributes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the physical properties of a Rhodic Kandiudox under management systems employing successive applications of pig slurry and poultry litter, and select physical indicators that distinguish these systems using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). The systems consisting of treatments including land use, management and the application time of organic fertilizers are described as follows: silage maize under no-tillage (NT-M7 years); silage maize under conventional tillage (CT-M20 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P3 years); annual pasture with chisel plowing (CP-P15 years); perennial pasture without tillage (NT-PP20 years); and no-tillage yerba mate (NT-YM20 years) and were compared with native forest (NF) and native pasture (NP). Soil samples were collected from the layers at the following depths: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m, and were analyzed for bulk density, porosity, aggregation, flocculation, penetration resistance, water availability and total clay content. Canonical discriminant analysis was an important tool in the study of physical indicators of soil quality. Organic fertilization, along with soil management, influences soil structure and its porosity. Total porosity was the most important physical property in the distinction of areas with management systems and application times of manure for the 0.0-0.05 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. Soil aeration and micropores differentiated areas in the 0.05-0.10 m layer. Animal trampling and machinery traffic were the main factors inducing compaction of this clayey soil.

A aplicação de dejeto suíno pode influenciar na dinâmica do nitrogênio no solo de forma distinta em comparação à adubação mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as diferentes formas de N orgânico em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico e sua relação com a absorção de N pelas culturas, em resposta a 10 anos de aplicação anual de dejeto suíno e adubo mineral. Os tratamentos foram as doses 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno, além da adubação na forma mineral, organizados em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram determinados os teores de N no tecido vegetal e de N total nas frações hidrolisadas em meio ácido: N-amônio, N-hexosamina, N-α-amino, N-amido e N-não identificado do solo. A aplicação anual de dejeto suíno ou adubo mineral aumentou o teor de N total na camada de 0-10 cm de profundidade. As principais frações do N orgânico no solo foram N-α-amino, quando utilizado dejeto suíno e N-não identificado no caso do adubo mineral. O dejeto suíno aumentou as frações do N consideradas lábeis, N-α-amino, N-amônio e N-amida. Esse aumento das formas lábeis de N orgânico no solo, pela aplicação de dejeto suíno, possibilita maior absorção de N pelas culturas de milho e aveia em plantio direto.

The application of pig slurry may have a different effect on nitrogen dynamics in soil compared to mineral fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the different forms of organic N in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (Typic Hapludox) and their relationship to N uptake by crops in response to 10 years of annual application of pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. The treatments were application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry, in addition to mineral fertilizer, organized in a randomized block design with four replications. The N contents were determined in the plant tissue and in the forms of total N and acid hydrolyzed fractions: ammonium-N, hexosamine-N, α-amino-N, amide-N, and unidentified-N. Annual application of pig slurry or mineral fertilizer increased the total-N content in the 0-10 cm depth layer. The main fractions of organic N in the soil were α-amino-N when pig slurry was applied and unidentified-N in the case of mineral fertilizers. Pig slurry increased the N fractions considered as labile: α-amino-N, ammonium-N, and amide-N. The increase in these labile organic N fractions in the soil through pig slurry application allows greater N uptake by the maize and oat crops in a no-tillage system.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar taxas de acúmulo de C orgânico em Latossolo Vermelho adubado com adubo solúvel e dejeto líquido de suíno e cultivado em plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido em Campos Novos, SC, e os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados anualmente: sem adubação; adubo solúvel; 25 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido + adubo solúvel; e doses de 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido. Foram determinados: os estoques de C orgânico (CO) na camada de 0-20 cm do solo; a adição de C pela fitomassa dos cultivos e pelo dejeto líquido de suíno; as taxas anuais de fixação de C; e os coeficientes de humificação (k1) e de mineralização (k2) de CO do solo. As taxas de fixação de C real e aparente aumentaram de acordo com as doses de dejeto, tendo variado de 0,6 a 1,7 e de 0,05 a 1,0 Mg ha-1 por ano, respectivamente. Os coeficientes k1 e k2 foram 0,17 e 0,011, respectivamente, enquanto o aporte de C requerido para manter o estoque inicial de CO do solo é de 4,14 Mg ha-1 por ano. O dejeto líquido de suíno aplicado anualmente em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com a sucessão milho-aveia-preta em plantio direto aumenta o CO do solo em doses de até 200 m3 ha-1.

The objective of this work was to estimate organic C storage rates in an Typic Hapludox fertilized with soluble fertilizer and pig slurry and cropped under no-tillage. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Campos Novos, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the following treatments were applied annually: no fertilization; soluble fertilizer; 25 m3 ha-1 pig slurry + soluble fertilizer; and rates of 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 pig slurry. The following were determined: organic carbon (OC) stocks in the 0-20 cm soil layer; C inputs by crop biomass and pig slurry; annual C fixation rates; and the soil OC humification (k1) and mineralization (k2) coefficients. The real and apparent C fixation rates increased according to pig slurry rates, ranging from 0.6 to 1.7 and from 0.05 to 1.0 Mg ha-1 per year, respectively. The k1 and k2 coefficients were 0.17 and 0.011, respectively, whereas the C input required to maintain the initial stock of OC is of 4.14 Mg ha-1 per year. Pig slurry applied annually on a Typic Hapludox cropped with the maize-black oat succession under no-tillage increases soil OC in rates of up to 200 m3 ha-1.